The book deals with the notion of Downward Causation from a wide array of perspectives, including physics, biology, psychology, social science, communication studies, text theory, and philosophy. The book includes proponents as well as opponents discussing the validity of the notion.

By the "logic of scientific knowledge," or simply "the logic of science" we mean the discipline in philosophy concerned with the application of the techniques and methods of logic to scientific knowledge. In studying certain aspects of the logic of scientific knowledge it is possible to employ successfully not only the methods of dialectical logic but those of formal logic. It is the latter that will be the special concern of the present article.

In speaking of the reasons for the appearance of semantics, certain writers note the following three problems the solution of which demanded semantic analysis: 1) the problem of antinomies; 2) the problem of refining and explaining the basic concepts of formalized logic and mathematics; and 3) the problem of the complete formalization of logic.

Lenin's work "On the Significance of Militant Materialism," written in the spring of 1922, is justly regarded as the philosophical testament of our leader. In it, the tasks of the day were merged with the tasks of the entire epoch on the basis of a profound analysis of reality.

The improvement of man, of his ideological and political, occupational, and moral qualities, is a most important condition for success in the building of communism. The socialization of the new man as a creatively active, spiritually rich, and harmoniously developed personality is a goal in our Party's program. It is becoming increasingly obvious that the process of socialization means much more than familiarizing a person with the ideological principles and norms of behavior of a citizen of developed socialist society. Socrates (...) long ago was astounded by the illogic of the man who knew what was good but did what was bad. (shrink)

The philosopher dealing with problems of the epistemology and logic of scientific knowledge cannot disregard those truly immense changes that have occurred in science in the present century. Moreover, he must interest himself not only in what has been learned in the objective world that is new, but by what new methods and means this knowledge has been acquired, how its structure has changed, what categories define the essence of contemporary scientific theorizing, and its outreach into cognition in the future. (...) Of course, the character, structure, and methods of the scientific acquisition of knowledge are determined in the final analysis by what it is that is being cognized, what things and processes are coming to be known. However, direct influence upon logical concepts in the theory of knowledge is brought to bear in the very process of cognition, in its methods and means of approaching the reflection of the object. (shrink)

A considerable increase in interest in Soviet philosophy has been observable of late in the capitalist countries. There are various reasons for this. Some seek to understand its meaning so as to define their attitudes toward it, while others find it of interest for entirely different reasons — a target of criticism.

Issledovanie ėtapov zhizni, nauchnykh stateĭ professora Kievskoĭ Dukhovnoĭ Akademii I.P. Chetverikova -- Obzor genezisa termina "lichnostʹ" v ego rossiĭskom filosofsko-literaturnom kontekste do nachala XX veka.